cheryan m 1998 ultrafiltration and microfiltration handbook

Cheryan M 1998 Ultrafiltration And Microfiltration Handbook Trial Sources As

Given that underground water can be efficiently pumped to the surface even in remote areas using electrical or diesel generators driving various types of pumps 3, it can be a major auxiliary water source.

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Ceramic Microfiltration Membranes in Wastewater Treatment: Filtration Behavior, Fouling and Prevention.

Received: 3 August 2020 Revised: 3 September 2020 Accepted: 19 September 2020 Published: 22 September 2020.

Cheryan M 1998 Ultrafiltration And Microfiltration Handbook Trial Sources As

Nowadays, integrated microfiltration (MF) membrane systems treatment is becoming widely popular due to its feasibility, process reliability, commercial availability, modularity, relative insensitivity in case of wastewater of various industrial sources as well as raw water treatment and lower operating costs.

The well thought out, designed and implemented use of membranes can decrease capital cost, reduce chemical usage, and require little maintenance.

Due to their resistance to extreme operating conditions and cleaning protocols, ceramic MF membranes are gradually becoming more employed in the drinking water and wastewater treatment industries when compared with organic and polymeric membranes.

Regardless of their many advantages, during continuous operation these membranes are susceptible to a fouling process that can be detrimental for successful and continuous plant operations.

Chemical and microbial agents including suspended particles, organic matter particulates, microorganisms and heavy metals mainly contribute to fouling, a complex multifactorial phenomenon.

Several strategies, such as chemical cleaning protocols, turbulence promoters and backwashing with air or liquids are currently used in the industry, mainly focusing around early prevention and treatment, so that the separation efficiency of MF membranes will not decrease over time.

Other strategies include combining coagulation with either inorganic or organic coagulants, with membrane treatment which can potentially enhance pollutants retention and reduce membrane fouling.